Friction locking device.



I). A. LINDSTRONI.

I FFIICTION LOCKING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 6. I9I3.

a s s-sHEET 2.

WITNES'SSES C.y A. LINDSTBOM. 1111011011 LOCKING nEvlcE. y APPLICATIONF'ILED MAR. 6. 1913. 115,556.. Patentedsept. 14, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET a.

i CHARLES A. LINDSTROM,` OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

FRICTION LOCKING DEVICE.

vice embodying my invention- Fig.`2 is a sectional view of thesanie'taken on the line II-II of Fig. 3;'F ig. 3 is a section on theline III-III of Fig. 2;v Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 are perspective views oftheseveral parts of the device; Figs. 8, 9 and 10'are side" views,illustrating three differentmodilications; Fig. 11 is a longitudinalsection show` ing another modification; and Fig. 12 is a section on theline XII-XII .of Fig. 11.

permit either a slow or a quick My invention' has relation tov.frictionlocking devices, partici'ilarly designed for use where it isdesired to positively hold a shaft or-other member against rotation bythe action of a load or resistance acting upon such shaft or membei' inone direction only.

The device is capable of various uses, as in connection withcar-door-operating gear, cranking mechanism for' automobiles, etc.

The object of my invention is to provide a simple and efiicient deviceof this-character which may be used to permit a. slow turning movementonly fof the shaft or member to be locked, or which may be used toreleasing movement of said member.

The nature of my invention will bebest understood by reference to theaccompanying drawings,` in which I have shown the preferred embodimentsthereof and which will now be described, it being premised, however,that various changes cai` be made in the details-of construction-andarrangement ofthe several parts, without departing from the spirit andscope of my invention as defined in the appended claims. j

Referring first to that forni of'my inven-` tion which is shown in Figs.1 to 7, inclusive, the numeral 2 designates the shaft .or other rotaryVmember to be locked, and 3 what T term the external member of thedevice; the internal member, and 5 the interposed friction members.` Th@.external member 3 in the form shown in these figures Specification ofLetters Patent,

Patenten sept. ii, iei5.

Application filed March 6, 1913. Serial No. 752,529.

is `of circular form, having peripheral ratchet teeth 6 and y'aninternal cylindrical friction surface 7. The internal member consists ofa disk portion having two segmental projections 8, which extend withinthe external member, the outer surfaces of these projections beingconcentric with the friction surface 7, and their inner faces 9 being ofirregular curved form. Said internal member also has a sleeve or hubportion `10, which lits:l loosely on the cylindrical end portion 11 ofthe shaft 2. It is also shown in these figures as having the series ofexternal ratchet teeth or projections 12. The friction members 5'consist of two similar `segments'having external friction surfaces 13,adapted for frictional engagement with the surface 7 and being.interposed between the said frictionsurface andthe segmental projections8. The ends of the members are`formed with projections 15 having thecontacting beveled surfaces 16.v The friction members occupy thespacesbetween the exterior of the segmental projections 8 and.

lengaging one projection 15 of one member 5, and the other one engagingthe said projection 15 of, the other member 5. Both members 3 and 4 areloosely mounted on the shaft 2. The numeral 18 designates a` pivotedpawl adapted for engagement with the ratchet teeth 6 of the member 3;and 19 is another pawl adapted for engagement with the ratchet teeth orprojections 12 of the member t. These pawls are pivoted to any suitablefixed support 20. 21 is a pivoted dog, adapted to engage both pawls 18and 19, and secure them in holding positions. The end portion 4of thesleeve part of the member 4 is squared, as indicated at 22, to receivethe socket of a suitable operat ing wrench or lever.

In operation, the load on the member 2 is at all times tending to rotatesaid shaft in the direction of the arrow (Figs. 1 and 2). This causesthe cam projections 17 to act upon the projections 15 of the frictionmembers with which they engage, thereby forcof the arrows.

' square end ofthe sleevel portion-of the inter nal member.Y If it isdesired to effect aslow release of the shaft 2, this'can be done byingsaid friction* members into frictional contact with the frictionsurface 7 of the external member 3. This binding is-due to the fact thatas the camprojections 17 act upon the -ends of the friction members,the. latter are expanded thereby `increasing the.

diameter of their peripheral circle. The latter .being locked by thepawl 18, it is obvious that the. shaft 2 is securely held against4movement. The pawlA 19 forms a further safeguard, since it holds theinternal member4 against any movement in the direction be omitted, aswill appear from the descriptionof some of the modifications. Anysuitable means, such as the flanged nut or head llxon the pin lly,secured in theend of thev v'portion l11 of the shaft 2 vmay be employedto prevent endwise movement of the internal member relatively to theexternal member. When it is desired to givea quick release to the member2, both pawls 18 and 19 are disengaged frorn their respective ratchets;thereby permitting all the parts to turn with the. member- 2. If theshaft 2 contains acrank, or is connected to any other member whichrequires to be moved off center` before the shaft is released, as isusual in car-dooroperating mechanism, this can be effected by applyingawrench or operating lever to the using the said lever orwrench to slowlyrotate the member 4 (the pawl`19 being thrownout of'engagement, but the'pawl 18 remainv ingin locking engagement with the ratchet-: .teeth ofthe external member). When 'the internal member is rotated in thismanner,

the segmental projections' 8 will carry the friction members 5 withthem,soA thatthey willrotate `without much friction-holding engagement withthe surface 7. The shaft 2 will be unable to .turn faster than is per--of .such mechanism and of the door 'to permit aquick discharge of thevcar contents m ordinary unloadmg operations. If a slow opening movementof the vdoor is desired, as in ballasting operations, this can bereadily effected4 in thev manner described. In Voperating the device toclose car doors, the wrench or lever is applied to the square 'portionof the internal member and the latter is rotated. lVhen rotated in thisdirection, all the parts will. rotate .together as a unit, the segmentalprojections contacting with the cam projections on This pawl 19 ma-y,however,

the shaft 2 to rotate the latter in a backward which may tend to turnthe shaft from the other end, as for instance, the back action incranking automobiles. -V Y The modification shown in Fig. 9 is simi` larto that shown in Fig. 8, except that the internal member is providedwith ratchet teeth or projections 12a, as in the form first described,which4 are adapted to'be engaged by a movable pawl (not shown).- j

The form shown' in Fig. 10 is like that shown in Fig. 1, except ythatthe ratchetl teeth or projections ofthe internal member are omitted. j vy l Figs. 1l` nd 12show another form' of my invention which isparticularly applicable as a cranking device for automobiles. In

this form,"the internal member 24 is movlablelongitudinally within theexternal member 25, which is -fixed to a 'suitable support 26.27designates-the usual crank, secured.v

to the hub of themember 24:. at 24a. 28 is the engine shaft, and 29 isthe shaft member of the frictionA device and which is fastenedtothemember 24 at 24a. It is also connected tothe shaft 28 through suitableclutch members 30 andBO, y31 is a compression spring interposed betweenthe two memagainst the camprojections 29, on theshaft "'member 29. 32Vdesignates the'friction segments, which maybe secured to the, segmentalprojections of the ."m'ember k24C to move longitudinally therewith,` as.indicated at 33.

In cranking, the member "24,is pushed inwardly againstthe action ofthe.spring '31,

to cause the shaft member 29 to clutch the engine shaft 28. The crankisl then rotated, the member 24 and the segments32rotating as a unitwithin the member 25. As soon as the engine starts in the rightdirection, the

. clutch member 30 runs ahead of the clutch member 30, and the twomembers are at once separated. If the engine back-fires, the shaftmember 2 9 is thereby turned inthe reverse direction, bringing thesegments 32 4,into action, as in the forms firstdescribed.

That is to say, the slightest backward move-` ment of the shaft member29 causes the cam members 29*1 to 'expand the segments 32. (It will'benoted, however, by' comparing 2 and 1 2, that the parts lin Fig. 12

bers 24 'and 25, said-'spring also bearing Y I vents injury' to tvinter'ii'alfriction surface, anfinternal mem-- ber having segmentalprojections, expansi-' ble friction membersseated between the segarearranged` to lock in Fig 2.)-"gThis he crank and pret"opatorltherefrom.' Y The advantagg n 'yin'ventionwill'be apparent,*"since'fn provides;` a:l very simple and extremelyefic ntfori'n offriction-lockchecks the backtlnl'lv'oWf ing deviceadaptedito afva-rietyof uses, and

which can be used'to give either a' quick orl aslow release." Y I a v f'The specicforin ofmy invention shown in Figs. 11 and 2 forms .thesubject matte-r of a divisional application Serial No.7789,995, AfiledSeptember ',16, 1913.

I claim 1. Affriction locking device, comprising al rotatable member tobe locked, having cam projections, an external member having an internalfriction surface, an internal member having segmental projections,andexpansible"` friction vmembers seated between the segmentalprojections and/.fthesaid friction surface,'and each offsarid'lfrictionjmembers having a lever-foriii'inL endlportion 'extending beyondonev of t 2. Av friction locking device, coi'iiprising',a rotatable`member to be lock ed, having cam projections, an external member havingan mental projections-'andthe lsaid friction surface, each-of saidfri'ctioninembers.hav-'l ing `a lever-,formingend'` portion extendingbeyond one of the segmental-projections'andv engaged by one of said camprojections, and" also being abut/ted against the adjacent end of theother projection, substantially as described.

3. The 'combination of a' member to be held against rotation inA onedirectior'nan i locked against rotation in one direction,

and which has two oppositecam projections, an` external member having aninternal friction surface, an internal member -which has segmentalprojections adapted to engage the 'said cam projections, expansible'external member having a friction surface, elastic segmental frictionelements which coact-witl said surface and having `abutted end portionswith beveled engaging surthereof, and means whereby the external membermay be held either against rotation or may be permitted to rotatewitl'ii the ymember to be locked, substantially `as described.

l. The combination of a member to be locked against rotation in onedirection and which has `cani projections, an external member withinwhich the first named mein-v ber may rotate and which has a frictionsurface, means whereby the external member may be held against'rotationor may be permitted to rotate, an internal Amember,

reverse direction y segmental pro. jections and engaged..A by one-of`said cam. projections, substantially as described.-

emxpansible friction elementsbetween the two members having abutted endportions where- 'by the said friction members interact one upon theother and engaged with the said cam' projections, and also with theinternal member, and means whereby the internal member may be rotatedwithin the external member, substantially as described.

.5. .The combination of a member to be llocked against rotation in onedirection and 'which `has cam projections, an external ,member withinwhich the first named member mayrrotate and` which has a frictionvsurface, means whereby the" external member may be either held againstrotation or may be permitted tol rotate, an internal member, frictionelements between the two.

members, 'said elements having abutted end portions with wedgingcontacting surfaces and engaged at their end portions with the said camprojections and also with the intei-nal member, and means whereby thein" ternal member may be rotated withinv the external member, together.with locking means for the internal member, substantially as described.y i v 6. The combination of a member to be l locked against rotation`iii one direction, and `V which has two opposite camprojections,an'ext'ernal member having an internal friction surface, an internalmember which has 'segmental projections. rigid therewith and 'adapted toengage'the saidcam projections, segmental expansible friction elementsinterposed between said friction'surface and the said segmentalprojections and rotatably engaged by the seg- 'men'ta'l projections andalsov engaged by said cam projections, and means 'whereby the internalmember may be rotated relatively to the external member and with themember to be locked,` substantially as described.

7. The combination of a member to be segmental friction elementsinterposed between said friction surface and the said seg- -inentalprojections and rotatably engaged by the segmental projections and alsoengaged at their end portions by the said cam projections, and meanswhereby the internal membermay be rotated relativelyA to j the externalmember and `with the member to be locked, together with a locking pawlvfor the external member, substantially as described.

8. The .combination of a member to be locked -against rotation in onedirection, and I mental projections adapted to engage the said camprojections, expansible segmental friction elements .interposedbetweensaid friction surface and the said segmental projections, and rotatablyengaged by the seg-Q mental projections, the friction elements havingabtted ends with Wedging contact- Ilng suifaces, said ends oeing engagedby the cam projections lin one direction ofl rotation of the latter,vandmeanswhereby the internal member maybe rotated relatively to theexternalmmber `and With the member to be locked, together 'with separatelocking pawls for the external and internal members, substantially asdescribed.

9. In a device of the character described,

the combination of an external member' having avcircular internalfriction surface, an internal member having portions Within the externalmember-,a shaft around Which the said members are concentricallymounted, two expansible segmental friction eletion of each frictionelement in the opposite direction of movement, substantially asdescribed. V Y

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto l'set my hand.

CHARLESv A. LINDSTROM. Witnesses:

GEO. H. PARMELEE, H. M. CORWIN.

